Posts written by Bill M. Mak

中國科學技術大學夏季學期研究生課:1)古代中國科技史入門; 2. Reading Ancient Indian Scientific Literature 古代印度科學文獻導讀。

中科大校園景色

中科大校園景色

七月應邀當中國科學技術大學客座教授,講授兩門研究生課程,由於夏季學期只有三星期,課程特別緊湊。兩門課程分別是《古代中國科技史入門》及《古代印度科學文獻導讀》。講授語言前者為英語,後者漢語和梵語。每門課程40學時,幾乎每天上下午都有課。雖然報讀人數每班不到10人,學生給留下的印象都十分深刻,三位學生更同時選上了兩門課。《古代中國科技史入門》的目標很簡單,就是給同學介紹李約瑟的《中國之科學與文明》,洋洋二十多分冊,一方面讓大家了解這部巨著的結構、研究特色和核心思想,另一方面也挑一些精彩段落精讀。由於涉及內容跨度極大,天文、地理、光學、力學、內丹、外丹、動植物、四大發明,包羅萬有,實際上我跟同學們一起學習,每次備課時我都學到新東西。對於許多內地學生來說,即使是博士生,英語閱讀和口語仍然是一個嚴峻的挑戰,內容倒不是困難點。學生每天提交筆記,以提高英語寫作和理解能力。第二門課《古代印度科學文獻導讀》內容比較特殊,是我個人的專業,在國內外,除了印度外,應該沒有人開過這門課。為了讓同學更深刻的了解古代印度的科學內容,課程增加了梵語學習的部分,由助教許瑞成同學擔當。同學們在不到一個月的時間裡,不但學會閱讀基本的梵文,而且並能背誦幾句梵文偈頌,都是出自一些最有代表性和科學價值的古代科學文獻,真不簡單!不過,那三位同時選修兩門課的學生,我覺得他們學得有點累。想起六月我那篇關於「苦」的論文,其實學習不一定要苦,說不定快快樂樂的學習,效果更佳。

助教许瑞成給中科大研究生提供初級梵語指導

助教许瑞成給中科大研究生提供初級梵語指導

學員學習誦讀與解讀梵語天文學文獻

學員學習誦讀與解讀梵語天文學文獻

古印度植物學

古印度植物學

梵語阿育吠陀經典

梵語阿育吠陀經典

助教大成捕獲新學員

助教大成捕獲新學員

學生期末報告(一)

學生期末報告(一)

學生期末報告(二)

學生期末報告(二)

我在合肥中國科學技術大學逗留期間,亦參加了一個名為「會通論壇」的會議,由科學史與考古系舉辦,為期兩天。本年會議,參加人數約四五十人,都是校內和國內其他院校的學者。至於明年的會議,預計擴大為國際會議,系主任兼文學部院長石雲里教授邀請我協助組織,邀請更多國際學者參與。目前的計劃是在泉州、合肥和西安三個城市連環協辦。由於泉州和西安,分別是海上與陸上絲綢之路的起點。預計這國際會議,有一大部分學者會來自劍橋。其中緣起就是2021 年的NRI-AIIT-FAMES 研討會衍生出來的。對國外和境外的學者來說,我相信這更是跟國內學者交流和見面的好機會。

中科大會通論壇

中科大會通論壇

中科大會通論壇:石雲里教授發表有關古代天文儀器的演講

中科大會通論壇:石雲里教授發表有關古代天文儀器的演講

參觀安徽博物院

參觀安徽博物院

Two post-graduate summer courses @ USTC: 1. Introduction to the history of science and technology in ancient China; 2. Reading Ancient Indian Scientific Literature.

Campus of USTC

Campus of USTC

July was a very intensive teaching month for me. I was invited to teach two post-graduate courses for the Summer Semester as Visiting Professor at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). The two courses are: 1. Introduction to the history of science and technology in ancient China (古代中國科技史入門); 2. Reading Ancient Indian Scientific Literature (古代印度科學文獻導讀). The first one was taught in English while the second in Chinese and Sanskrit. As each course is 40 hours, there were practically classes every day, both in the morning and afternoon. Although the number of students were less than 10 for each class, the Chinese students struck me as very hard-working and dedicated. Some were ambitious enough to do two courses together. The first course was essentially an introduction to Needham’s SCC. For many Mainland students, even at doctoral level, English reading and speaking remain a serious challenge. The students were asked to submit journals daily as a way to boost their English writing and understanding. The second course had an additional Sanskrit language component. I was very fortunate to have a student assistant, Mahāsiddha (許瑞成), to act as tutor to the students. In less than a month, the students went from being able to read basic devanāgarī to reciting a few verses in Sanskrit scientific texts. Quite an achievement, I must say! Notably, the two best Sanskrit students were not those who took both classes. Those who did were utterly exhausted by both the lectures and homework. During my stay at USTC in Hefei, I participated in a two-day conference called 會通論壇 organised by the Dept of History of Science. Professor Shi Yunli 石雲里教授, the Head of the Department, invited me to help to organise the conference next year, bringing in more participation from international scholars. The plan, so far, is to organise an international forum held consecutively in three cities — Quanzhou, Hefei and Xi’an. The first and last were the beginning of the Maritime and Land Silk Roads. It would be an exciting opportunity for scholars, including many from Cambridge and the ones who participated in the NRI–AIIT-FAMES workshop in 2021, as to continue our collaboration. It will be a great opportunity for them to meet their Chinese colleagues and to visit the Chinese archives and museums, as well as their custodians.

Mahāsiddha teaching introductory Sanskrit to postgraduate students at USTC

Mahāsiddha teaching introductory Sanskrit to postgraduate students at USTC

Students learning how to read and decipher Sanskrit astronomical texts

Students learning how to read and decipher Sanskrit astronomical texts

 

Learning about ancient Indian botanical tradition

Learning about ancient Indian botanical tradition

Ayurveda in Sanskrit

Ayurveda in Sanskrit

 

Mahāsiddha captured a new student

Mahāsiddha captured a new student

Student presentation (1)
Student presentation (1)

 

Student presentation (2)

Student presentation (2)

During my stay at USTC in Hefei, I participated in a two-day conference called 會通論壇 organised by the Dept of History of Science. Professor Shi Yunli 石雲里教授, the Head of the Department, invited me to help to organise the conference next year, bringing in more participation from international scholars. The plan, so far, is to organise an international forum held consecutively in three cities — Quanzhou, Hefei and Xi’an. The first and last were the beginning of the Maritime and Land Silk Roads. It would be an exciting opportunity for scholars, including many from Cambridge and the ones who participated in the NRI–AIIT-FAMES workshop in 2021, as to continue our collaboration. It will be a great opportunity for them to meet their Chinese colleagues and to visit the Chinese archives and museums, as well as their custodians.

Huitong Conference @ USTC

Huitong Conference @ USTC

2023-07-15 14.34.50
Astonishing artefacts in display at the Anhui Museum

Astonishing artefacts in display at the Anhui Museum

Prof. Shi Yunli presenting his report on Korean astronomical instruments

Prof. Shi Yunli presenting his report on Korean astronomical instruments

英國劍橋。2023年6月19日—7月7日。劍橋大學/李約瑟研究所工作坊:「探索中國歷史裏的感官世界」

A majestic-looking Chinese metasequoia with an interesting history in front of NRI (2023)

李約瑟研究所前前院的水杉古樹 (2023)

2023年夏天,我在劍橋李約瑟研究所(NRI)參加了一個非常有趣的研討會。研討會的主題是「探索中國歷史中的感官世界」。研討會的主辦人是最近獲得了劍橋大學博士學位的方希博士(Dr. Flavia Xi Fang)。她在高奕睿教授(Prof. Imre Galambos)的指導下研究古代絲綢之路上的「香」。在李約瑟研究所工作期間,我因吳蕙儀博士的工作了解到弘立書院。她當時負責弘立書院的李約瑟研究所項目。吳博士激發了我對弘立書院的興趣,弘立書院的學生,究竟如何做到跨學科的研究?這類研究對大學生,甚至是學者來說,似乎難以勝任,因為大學的學習和研究都很專業,但同時亦有很大的局限性。2020年,我組織了一個題為 「中國、印度和伊朗——科學交流與文化接觸 」的跨學科研討會,出席的十多位學者,主要來自三個機構 — 李約瑟研究所、古印度與伊朗信託會(Ancient India and Iran Trust)以及劍橋大學亞洲與中東研究院。研討會原計劃於 2020 年9月舉行,由於因新冠疫情被逼推遲。在此感謝贊助商與多位學者支持,研討會於 2021 年 10 月 8-9 日成功舉辦。其中劍橋大學羅賓遜學院(我曾是該院的副院士,Bye-Fellow)、高奕睿教授和李所院長梅建軍給予了很大的幫助。方希博士同是研討會主持人,也是發言人,其報告內容取自其即將答辯的論文。2023年3月,高奕睿教授來港參加在香港科技大學舉辦的「李約瑟論壇」,是次大型學術活動由李約瑟科技與文明基金會(香港)策劃。作為籌備會會員之一,我藉此機會邀請高教授為弘立社群舉辦一場講座,主題為 「歸義軍時期敦煌學士郎」。這次劍橋工作坊,邀請我的正是方希博士,她跟另一位主辦者Avital Rom博士,同是高奕睿教授的博士生。


"Sensorium" workshop at NRI
劍橋大學/李約瑟研究所工作坊
Bill Mak on "bitterness"
筆者發表有關「苦」的報告

這次工作坊,筆者選題為「苦口良藥—古代中國『苦』的歷史」。收到邀請函時,原來的想法是簡單談一下天文學相關的話題。不過去年,不知為何,突然關注樹木和草本植物起來,書翻起來就停不了,最後無心插柳柳成蔭,就這樣進入了植物學的研究。當我在 A9 辦公室的書架上翻閱《中國之科學與文明》(SCC)第六卷第五分冊時,讀到古籍對草藥的描述,實在讓我著迷,其中對「苦」的描述亦讓我感到好奇。每週與單寧校長和其他中文老師的對話,讓我感受到中國人苦幹實幹(下苦功)的美德。我的論文探討了中國人對「苦」的理解的起源。「苦」既是一種治癒的味道,也是一種有意義、有品德的生活態度。在這篇論文中,我試圖從道家「無為」傳統和佛教的四諦中尋找答案,四諦以duḥkha為起點,漢譯一般為「苦」。


Bill Mak and Tim Barrett at NRI
筆者與 Tim Barrett教授於李所
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Workshop dinner at St. John's College, Cambridge
劍橋大學聖約翰書院工作坊晚宴

 

在劍橋期間,與眾多學者會面。一如既往,順路遊覽,參觀大英博物館和當地歷史名勝,增廣見聞。李約瑟研究所的東亞科技史藏書,也是這次劍橋之旅目標之一——完成我的著作!期間碰到了查永茂博士、弘立書院「書院中的書院」Diana和Sarah,他們正在為弘立書院的高年級學生開設課程。在離開英國前,我必須取回我在劍橋逗留期間陪伴我的古琴。中世紀教會史學者、羅賓遜學院院士Joan Greatrex博士把我的古琴放在她的櫃子裏已經一年了。她雖然已經九十多歲了,但仍然非常活躍。我還見到認識了幾十年,Joan Greatrex博士的兒子 — 渥太華大學古典學的Geoffrey Greatrex教授。90 年代,還是麥吉爾大學的語言學本科生的我與Geoffrey通過世界語相識。Geoffrey 現在是加拿大世界語協會的主席,在世界語學術圈子裡,非常活躍。2022 年 8 月,當我應邀出席蒙特利爾 105屆國際世界語大會(Universala Kongreso de Esperanto),在第 73 屆國際世界語大會大學 Internacia Kongresa Universitato (IKU) 上發表「絲綢之路科學」的演講時,Geoffrey 正是介紹我的主持。


Dunhuang scholars and researchers in Cambridge
敦煌研究的專家,聚首劍橋。
Sharing my guqin music with my friends in Cambridge
疫情時,常以撫琴自娛。疫情後,自娛娛他,與英國友人共渡仲夏良宵。
Examining the strangely bound Sanskrit manuscript at the AIIT with Dr. Daniel Sheridan
與Daniel Sheridan一同翻閱AIIT梵語寫本藏品。
Bill Mak @ Stonehenge
久仰大名,英國巨石陣。